Pump or motor



Dec. 18, 1928.

`1,696,139 W. FERRIS PUMPA on mon Filed April 2a, 1924 Y2 sheets-sheen L1 w. FERRls PUMP 0R KOTOR 2 Shee'ts-Sheet 2 ,y I ,5P 23 @ws/IV ez f n INVENTOR.

WLTIR FMR/S f y K www ATTORNEY.

" BYy UNITED STATES PATENTIOFFICE g WALTER EEEms, or MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASsIGfNo'IIv 'ro THE oILGEA-B. com-7" PANY, or MILWAUKEE, wrscoNsIN,` a conroaATIoN or WISCONSIN.

rUMP on Moron.` n 1 Application med prima 1924. Serial" No. 709,527.

This invention relates to pumps oriluid motors of the radial, multiple cylinder type.

One object of the present invention is the provision of a compact pump or motor of lncreased capacity. This is accomplished by a novel compact arrangement of parts permitting the use of a maximum numbenof cylinders, each of maximum capacity, within alimited operating space.

Another obj eet is the provision in a pump or motor of the type mentioned of a novel arrangement of parts permitting a pintle construction of maximum strength, to thereb witliout danger of pintle distortion. c

Another object is the provision of an improved piston and cylinder assembly for pumps and motors of this type.

These and other objects and advantages 'will appear from the following descriptlon of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a variable displacement pump constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view taken substantially upon the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

The pump selected for illustration is shown enclosed in a casing 10. It comprises a cyl-l inder barrel 11, rotatably mounted upon a fixed pintle 12, and an impelllng cage 13 rotatably mounted within acradle 14. The

pintle shown is supported at both ends iu` bosses 15 formed integral with the removable side plates 16 o the casing 10. In this instance, the pintle is of hollow form having an inclined partition 17 separating the oppo site ends thereof into uid receiving and discharge passages, respectively. Three sets of ports in spaced parallel planes extend through the wall of the pintle. Each set comprises a pair of upper ports 18 disposed above the partition 17 an communicating with the left hollow end (Fig. 2) of the pintle and a pair` of lower ports 19 disposed below the artition 17 and communicating with the right hollow end of the pintle. The opposite ends of the pintle communicate with conduitsv20 and 21, respectively, connected with the bosses 15.

In the pump shown, the cylinder barrel 11 is rovided with nine radially disposed cylin er bores 22, equally spaced aboutthe axis of the pintle. These bores are arranged in ermit the use of high operating pressures :groups of three, those of each being l equally spaced about the pintleand ying' iny theplane of one of the sets of pintle ports above referred to.l At the base of eachcyliuder bore the cylinder barrel is gashed to form a fluid passage 23 open to the pintle and a-dapted to effect communication between the cylinder boreand the upper andy lower pairsof ports 18 and 19, respectively, during rotation of the cylinder barrel. The distance between the two ports 18 and between the two ports 19 is somewhat less than the distance etween either of the ports 18 and the nearest port 19. The length of the passage 23 is greater than the distance between ports 18 or between ports 19 so that it is capable of bridg- Ing acrossr the tween either of the ports 18r and the nearest port 19 so that 1t is never in communication h orts of either pair, but its length is a tri e less than the distance befy with ports 18 and19 atthe same time. The

arrangement is such that as each cylinder bore 22 is carried by the rotating/ cylinder barrel through the upper portion'of its circular course, thebore communicates through its passage 23 with vone or both of the ports 18, and during the lower portion of its course f it communicates through the passage 23 with n one or both of the ports 19. In each brief vtransitional stage of each cylinderbore between the upper and lower portions of its course, the communicating passage 23is out of mmunication with the ports. i

the provision of passages of this character inthe cylinder barrel capable of functioning in the manner above described, Iy avoid the use o gashes inthe upper and lower surfaces of the pintle which were heretofore believed necessary in a pump or motor .of

ythis type. By doing away with'gashes in the pintle, the pintle is better able to sustain` exceedingly heavy loads without danger of distortion. The use of only three cylinder bores within one plane of rotationy renders it possible to gash the'cylinder barrel in this manner without danger `of short circuiting sucn cessive cylinder bores.

' In the pump shown the impelling ca e 13 is in the form of a cylindricalcasting having end hub portions'24 and 25 journaled upon roller bearings 26 Aand 27 supported upon rings 28 and 29, constituting integral parts of the,

cradle 14. vNine tangential guideways 30 are formed in the cylindrical cage 13.` Thesey are disposed in groups of three in spaced parallel y lanes corresponding to the planes of the cylinder bores. Each guideway is disposed opposite and-extends normal to the 'axis of a cylinde bore 22. A crosshead 31 1s mounted for lengthwise reciprocation in each guldeway and is connected .with a piston 32 closely tted for reciprocation in the corresponding cylinder bore 22. An elongated opening 33 is formed through the base of each guldeway to accommodate the piston 32 and to permit the iston to reciprocate with the crosshead. In tige pump shown each guideway 30 .is somewhat narrower than the corresponding piston 32. The side walls of each guideway are therefore preferably grooved, as at 34, intermediate their ends, to provide suilicient clearance to permit the insertion or removal of the piston into or from its cylinder bore radially through the cylindrical wall of the impellmg cage 13. The side walls of each guideway are also longitudinally grooved, as at 35, to receive and sustain a reaction plate 36 in position substantially parallel with the c orresponding crosshead 31. Each plate 36 1s removably fixed in this position by a lock plate 37 secured thereto by a screw 38. Lock plate 37 extends across the plate 36 with its ends projecting intofthe grooves 34.

A .set of load transmitting rollers 39 1s interposed between each crosshead 31 and corresponding reaction plate 36. These rollers serve to transmit the pressure between the crosshead and reaction plate and react under the pressure to maintain these elements 1n parallelism to thereby cause the cylinderbarrel and impelling cage to rotate in unison. These rollers also permit free reciprocation of each crosshead along the corresponding guideway 30 parallel to the corresponding reaction plate 36 durin rotation of the cage and cylinder barrel. ollers 39 are preferably connected by a link40 which serves to malntain them .in proper spaced relation. The link 40 is preferably provided with a recess 41 into which the end of screw 38 projects to limit the travel of the rollers.

The cradle 14, carrying the bearing rings 28 and 29, is rockably support-ed upon a power transmission shaft 42 journaled in fixed bearings 43 and 44 in the casing 10. This shaft is rotatably fitted in bearings 45 and 46 formed integral with the cradle. A gear 47 fixed to shaft 42 meshes with a gear ring 48 formed upon the hub 25 of the impelling cage 13.

By rocking the cradle 14 about the axis of the shaft 42 the axis of rotation of the impelling cage 13 may be adjusted horizontally from a position substantially coincident with the axis of rotation of the cylinder barrel 11 to a position at either side thereof. When these two axes are coincident1 rotation iniparted to the impelling cage and cylinder barrel results in a circular travel of the pistons and cylinders about the pintle without relative reciprocation between the pistons and cylinders. Under this condition no flow of fluid occurs in the pintle. When the cradle 14 is rocked so as to shift the axis of rotation of the impelling cage out of this neutral position, rotation of the cage and cylinder barrel causes a relative reciprocation between the pistons and cylinders to an extent .dependent on the distance between the axes of rotation of the cage and cylinder barrel.

For purposes of illustration, let it be assumed that the parts are in the position indi cated in Figure 1 with the axis .r of the impelling 'cage disposed to the left of the axis y of the cylinder barrel and that power is applied through shaft 42 and gears 47 and 48 to drive the impelling cage 13 in a clockwise direction. The cylinder barrel 11, through the pressure transmitted through the rollers 39 from the reaction plates 36 to the crossheads 31, rotates in the same direction. During this rotation the pistons 32, in the upper half of their circular travel, move inwardly in the cylinder bores 22, thereby forcing liquid from the cylinder bores through passages 23 and ports 18 into the left end of the hollow pintle 12 (Fig. 2); and during the lower half of their circular travel the pistons move outwardly in their cylinder bores, thus permitting fluid to pass from the right end of the pintle, through ports 19 and passage 23, into the cylinder bores. Under this condition of operation Huid received from conduit 21 is dischar ed through conduit 2G. By rocking the cra le so as to shift the axis .fr to the other side of the axis y, the pistons, during the upper half of their travel, move outwardly in their cylinder bores, and during the lower half of their travel more inwardly to thereby change the direction of flow of the fluid in the pintle. In all positions of the cradle 14 the gears 47 and 48 remain in mesh so that the impelling cageis always operatively connected with the shaft 42.

Any appropriate means, such as a screw 45) swiveled, as at 50 and 51, in the casing 10, and threaded through a block 52 carried by the cradle 14, may be employed to swing and control the cradle 14, to thereby regulate and control purn dis lacelnent. The s crew 49 is controlle by a and wheel 53 fixed to the end thereof. The block 52 is fitted between a pair of upstanding ears 54 formed upon the cradle 14, and is provided with trunnions 55 engaged within vertical slots 56- formed in the ears 54.

It will be noted that in the pump shown, the driving pressure between the teeth of the gears 47 and 48 results in a reaction upon the cradle 14 tending to rock the cradle about the shaft 42 against the restraining action of the regulating screw 49. Thus, assuming that the shaft 42 and gear 47 are rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure l, so as to rotate the pump in a clockwise direction, the driving pressure thus applied to the gear 48 is transmitted through the cage 13 and bearings 26 and 27 to the cradle 14 tending to rock the cradle toward the left (Fig. 1). Provision is preferably made to`counteract this eect and, in the pump shown, mechanism for this purpose comprises a. pair of plungers 63 and 64 reciprocable in bores 65 and 66 formed in a block 67 in the casing 10. Bore 65 communicates through a pipe 68 with one end of the pintle'while bore 66 communicatesthrough a'pipe 69`with the other end of the pintle. Both plun ers 63 and 64 bear against a face 70 forme upon the cradle 14. T ie arrangement is such that the high pres-r sure 'fluid in one or the other ends of the pintle` is transmitted through one of the pipes 68 or 69 to the correspondinr bore 65 or 66, to thereby force one of the p ungers 63 or 64 against the face 70, in'such 'direction as to counteract the effect of the gea-rs 47 and 48 thereon. Since the driving pressure between the teeth of gears 47 and 48 is substantially proportional to the pressure of fluid delivered y the pump the plungers 63 and 64 may be so proportioned that they thus will substantially counterbalance the effect of the gears From a strictly theoretical point of view, it would appear that for perfect operation it would be necessary to rigidly connect eachy crosshead 31 with its corresponding piston 32,

in order to transmit suicient torque from the impelling cage 13 to cause rotation of the cylinder barrel 11. In actual practice, however, it has been found that it is at least highly desirable to permit a very limited rocking action between each crosshead'and piston in order to avoid binding action be-` tween the pistons and cooperating cylinder bores due to inaccuracies in the' machine.l

Such inaccuracies may arise from inaccurate machining or positioning of the parts or from` distortionof the parts under load.

This limited rocking action may be provided in various ways, butin the pump shown l e'ect re ative reciprocation therebetween.

this is accomplished by' forming each cross# head 31 with an integral stem 57 adapted to project loosely into and bear upon the bottom 58 of the hollow piston 32. A bore `57 eX- tending through the crosshead andA into the stem 57 is formed to receive a compressing spring 59. Spring 59 is maintained under compression by aheaded rivet 60 inserted loosely into the bore 57 and projected through an appropriateV aperture 61 in the lower end of the stern into the bottom of the piston. It is fixed in the bottom of the piston, as at 62, b v riveting or otherwise. Y The com pression of spring 59 is sufficient to maintain a bearing contact between the stem and the bottom of the piston during a suction stroke thereof. Sullicient clearance is provided be-V tween tlie stem 57 and internal walls ofthe piston and between the head of the rivet 60 and the walls of the bore 57 to permit the la: and

ldesired limited rocking action'between thek `crosshead and iston in all directions.

The mechanism above describedjwill oper ate as a motor as well as a pump. .Fluid delivered under pressure through .one of the conduits 20 or 21 and applied through the will cause rotation of the impellinur cage 13 in one direction or another depend` the relative positions of the axes of rotation course, transmitted through the gears 47 andy 48 to the shaft 42., The speed and direction or rotation of the shaft 42' may thus be varied and controlled by turning vthe sere-w 49 to thereby adjust the cradle 14 about the shaft 42. Y i

ent upon- '.Rotation of the cage 13 will, of.

Various changes may be made inthe embodiment of the invention hereinabovede-w scribed, Without departing from or sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention as defined in the` appended claims.

Iclaim: V

1. In a pump or motor the combination of a intle, a cylinder barrel rotatable thereon land aving nine cylinders radially disposed and equally spaced about the axis of rotation thereof, said' cylinders being yarranged in groups of three, each group lying in a plane offset along said axis ,from the plane of an .i i I adjacent group, nine pistons reciprocable in said cylinder bores, respectively, and a rot-ary member cooperating with saidy pistons and cylinders `to effect ,relative r reciprocation therebetweem 2. In a pumpor motor the combination of acl l vico a pintle, a cylinder barrel lrotatable* thereon.' andhaving an odd number of'cylinders ra-v dially disposed and equally spaced about the l i axis of rotation thereof, saidl cylinders being arranged in groups disposedin planes offset along'said aX1s,va iston reciprocablein each cylinder,and an impelling member cooperatin with sai-d pistonsand cylinders to 3. In a lpump or motor 'the combination of a pintle, a memberrotatablethereon, an im-` pelling rotatable member surrounding said first named member `rand an odd number of piston andfcylinder `assemblies radially disposed between saidmembers, saidassemblies! being arranged in groups, each group lying` f.

kin a plane laterally disposed with `respect to the plane-,of an' adjacent group.

- 4. In apump or motor the combination of,r

an odd number of piston and cylinder as-` semblies substantially radially' disposed and" equally spaced about an aXis,-said assemblies 'l Abeing arranged in groups offset in the direc tion of said axis, and means for effecting relative reciprocation between the pistons and cylinders of the respective assemblies.

i5. In a pump or motor the combination of n y n, a pintle having a pair of spaced intake ports I c Y 70 pintle and ports 18 or 19 to the pistons 32 f and a pair of spaced discharge ports, a member rotatable on said intle and havinvr a channel open to said pintle and adapted1 to bridge the space between the ports of either pair, a piston and cylinder assembly in constant communication with said channel, and a member associated with said assembly to effect relative reci rocation between the piston and cylinder t ereof.

6. In a pump or motor the combination of a pintle havin intake and discharge ports, a member rotata le thereon and having a plurality of channels extending circumferentially of and open to said piiitle, eachQchannel adapted to communicate with said intake and discharge ports, alternately, during rotation of said member, a plurality of piston and cylinder assemblies each communicating with one of said channels, and means cooperating with said assemblies to effect relative reciprocation between the pistons and cylinders thereof.

7. In a pump or motor the combination of a pintle havin intake and exhaust ports, a

' cylinder barre rotatable thereon having a plurality of radially disposed cylinder bores, a plurality of channels in said cylinder barrel. each communicating with one of. said cylinder bores and extending circumferentially of said pintle in the plane ofsaid ports, a piston reciprocating in each eyl1i ider bore, and a member cooperating with said pistons to effect reeiprocation thereof. a n

8. In a pump or motor the combination ot a pintle, a support for each end thereof, a member rotatable on saidV pintle intermediate the ends thereof a rotary impelling member, a series of radially disposed piston and cylinder assemblies between said members, and means for effecting a relative adjustment between said members to regulate the displacement of said pump or motor.

9. In a pump or motor the combination of a pintle, a member rotatable thereon, a rotary impelling member adjustable relative to said first named member, a seriesof piston and cylinder. assemblies between said members, means for adjusting said last named member, a shaft, fixed bearings for said shaft, and driving connections between said shaft and impelling member permitting adyustment thereof.

10. In a pump or motor the combination of a pintle, a member rotatable thereon, a second rotatable member, a series of piston and cyl- Cizider assemblies between said members, a rockable support for said last named member, means for adjusting said support, a shaft, fixed bearings therefor, and gear connections between said shaft and last named member.

11. In a pump or motor the combination of a series of radially disposed piston and cylinder assemblies, a crosshead associated with each assembly, an impelling member having a series of reaction faces, each opposite one of said crossheads, and connections between each crosshead and associated assembly permitting a limited rocking action therebetween in all directions.

1:2. In a pump or motor the combination of a series of radially disposed piston and cylinder assemblies, a crosshead associated with each assembly, an impelling member having a series of reaction faces, each opposite one of said crossheads, and connections between each crosshead and associated assembly per initting a limited rocking action therebetween in the plane of said series of assemblies.

13. In a pump or motor the combination of a series of radially disposed piston and cylinder assemblies, an impelling member havinfT a series of reaction faces, each disposed su istantially normal to and o posite one of said assemblies, a crosshea reci rocable along each face and associated with tie adjacent assembly, and resilient means maintaining each crosshead in proper working relation with the associated assembly.

14. A pump or motor havingr a series of cylinders, a hollow piston reciprocable in each cylinder, a crosshead having a stem projecting loosely intosaid piston, and a sprin operable to maintain said piston and cross ead in assembled relation.

15. In a pump or motor the combination of two rotary members, fluid impelling means between said members, one of said members being movable to vary the capacity of said means, power transmission mechanism reacting upon said movable member tending to shift said member, and fluid pressure responsive means automatically operable to counteract the reaction of said mechanism.

16. In a pump or motoi' the combination of a rotary cylinder barrel, a rotary impelling member movable relative thereto, a series of piston and cylinder assemblies between and coo erating with said members, a gear carried y said impelling member, a second gear in driving relation with said first named gear, and fluid pressure responsive means automaticallyl operable to counteract the thrust of said gears upon said impelliiig member.

17. In a pump or motor the combination of a rotary cylinder barrel, a rotary impelling member, a series of piston and cylinder assemblies radially disposed between said members, a movable support for said impelling member, and a gear carried by said impelling member and movable therewith, a second gear rotatable about a fixed axis and meshing with said movable gear, the reaction between said gears tending to shift said support, and fluid pressure responsive means automatically operable to counteract the effeet of said gears upon said movable support.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 22nd day of April, 1924.

WALTER FERRIS. 

